{{tag>origination_and_operations energy_products}}
~~NOTOC~~
====== Crude ======

//das Schmiermittel der Weltwirtschaft// 

Key indicators for Middle Eastern medium-sour crude, such as Oman and Dubai contracts, are rallying too.((https://archive.ph/c1Pbw#selection-1743.106-1743.210))

===== Heavy vs. light =====


   * heavy crudes are denser (contain larger hydrocarbon molecules) [(:ref:oil101)]
   * light crude yield more high value lighter products (gasoline) [(:ref:oil101)]
   * <wrap hi>Light crude</wrap> is more valuable than heavy because it’s <wrap hi>less expensive to refine</wrap> and has <wrap hi>higher energy content</wrap>
   * Light sweet barrels can be refined into mostly only gasoline
   * we need heavier crude to produce distillates that we need to keep the economy running. (ie fuel oil, jet fuel etc)

Every country produces different crude grades, this is why global oil flows are so important. (from newspaper article) \\

===== FAQ =====

   * No. of crude oils in the world: > 400
   * crude oils traded on a significant scale: approx. 100 

When it comes out of the ground, oil is knovvn as crude oil and is a mixture of petrochemical
and other components, such as sulphur, sand and some waten that need to be removed or
reduced beíore the refining process. [(:ref:tanker_chartering)]

===== Tools =====

==== Platts Periodic Table of Oil ====

https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/plattscontent/_assets/_files/downloads/crude_grades_periodic_table/crude_grades_periodic_table.html

{{0_public:commodities_and_products:crude:platts_periodic_table_of_oil.jpg?400|}}

https://web.archive.org/web/20231129104853/https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/plattscontent/_assets/_files/downloads/crude_grades_periodic_table/crude_grades_periodic_table.html

Crude oil price changes can cause wide swings in refining margins
because they’re the main feedstock of refineries. Petroleum product
prices are sticky—it can take weeks for changes in oil prices to work their way into petroleum product prices. [(:ref:fisher_investments_energy)]



===== Crude Oil Varieties and Fuel Production: Light vs. Heavy Crude =====

Diesel, jet and marine fuel are more easily made from the heavy crudes hailing from Russia and the Middle East than from lighter varieties such as U.S. shale oil, which is bet- ter suited to making gasoline.

===== Chemistry of oil =====

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C2H4 is more reactive than C2H6 because the latter is an alkene.it is unsaturated compound and its pi bond are easily available for the reaction. 

===== Types of Crude =====

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<sortable 1>
^ Name and File ^ Description ^ Country ^ API ° ^ Sulfur % wt. ^ Locations ^ Similar ^
^ [[https://cdn.sanity.io/files/h61q9gi9/global/d0e19c8a3e9841c51e68d221f8b0277b5b978e78.xlsx|Mars]]  | Medium density, high sulphur crude oil        | US                 | 29.7     | xxx | xxx |
^ [[0_public:commodities_and_products:crude:buzzard|Buzzard]] | medium sour | North Sea | 32.6 | 1.44 | | Urals |
^ Castilla | desc | Colombia | API | xxx | xxx |
^ Forcardos| desc | Nigeria| 31.5| xxx | xxx |
^ [[0_public:commodities_and_products:crude:forties_blend|Forties Blend]] | | | 41.0 | 0.65 |
^[[0_public:geography_and_regions:russia:urals|Urals]] | medium sour | Russia | 30.68° | 1.48%.  | EE, CE, Med | Buzzard |
^[[0_public:commodities_and_products:crude:arco_crude|Arco]] | xxx | Russia | xxx° | xxx%.  | xxx | xxx |
^[[0_public:commodities_and_products:crude:varandey|Varandey]] | xxx | Russia | xxx° | xxx%.  | xxx | xxx |
^[[0_public:commodities_and_products:crude:novy_port|Novy Port]] | xxx | Russia | xxx° | xxx%.  | xxx | xxx |
^[[0_public:commodities_and_products:crude:novy_port|Sokol]] | xxx | Russia | xxx° | xxx%.  | xxx | xxx |
^[[0_public:commodities_and_products:crude:kurdistan_blend|Kurdistan Blend]] | xxx | Kurdistan | xxx° | xxx%.  | xxx | xxx |
</sortable>