i) Istisna‘a is an exceptional mode of sale, at an agreed price, whereby the buyer places an order to manufacture, assemble or construct, or cause so to do anything to be delivered at a future date.¹⁾

ii) The commodity must be known and specified to the extent of removing any ambiguity regarding its specifications including kind, type, quality and quantity.²⁾

iii) Price of the goods to be manufactured must be fixed in absolute and unambiguous terms. The agreed price may be paid in lump sum or in installments in the matter mutually agreed by the parties.³⁾

iv) Providing of material required for manufacture of commodity is not the responsibility of the buyer.⁴⁾

v) Unless otherwise mutually agreed, any party may cancel the contract unilaterally if the seller has not incurred any direct or indirect cost in relation thereto.⁵⁾

vi) If goods manufactured conform to the specifications agreed between the parties, the orderer (purchaser) cannot decline to accept them except if there is an obvious defect in such goods. However, the agreement can stipulate that if the delivery is not made within the mutually agreed time period, then the buyer can refuse to accept the goods.⁶⁾

vii) The bank (buyer in Istisna) can enter into a Parallel Istisna contract without any condition or linkage with the original Istisna contract. In one of them, the bank will be the buyer and in the second the seller. Each of the two contracts shall be independent of the other. They cannot be tied up in a manner that the rights and obligations of one contract are dependant on the rights and obligations of the parallel contract. Further, Parallel Istisna is allowed with a third party only.⁷⁾

viii) In Istisna transactions the buyer shall not, before taking possession (actual or constructive) of the goods sell or transfer ownership in the goods to any other person.⁸⁾

ix) If the seller fails to deliver the goods within the stipulated period, the price of the commodity can be reduced by a specified amount per day as per the agreement.⁹⁾

x) The agreement can provide for payment for penalty calculated at the agreed rate in percent per day/annum that shall be used for the purposes of charity. The banks can also approach competent courts for award of solatium, at discretion of the courts, which shall be determined on the basis of direct and indirect costs incurred, other than opportunity cost. Also, security or collateral can be sold by the bank (purchaser) without intervention of the court.¹⁰⁾

xi) In case of default by the client, the banks can also approach competent courts for award of damages, at discretion of the courts, which shall be determined on the basis of direct and indirect costs incurred, other than opportunity cost.¹¹⁾