The Midwest, the country’s largest importing region, hasn’t received foreign shipments from anywhere but Canada in years, according to the Energy Information Administration.

US Midwest is particularly more dependent on Canadian crude oil as it lacks sufficient access to seaborne oil.^{1) 2)}

The biggest hurdle here is the US Midwest refining system which relies mainly on Canadian crude and also lacks sufficient access to US Gulf Coast for seaborne barrels as replacement.³⁾